Pioneer spacecraft anomolies

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what if the uinverse is NOT closed, then what is an alternative explaination to a blue shift?

[Jim] " ... and therefore energy has mass-right?"

Perhaps. Maybe mass has energy? Or - something else.

Probably the only thing we can say for sure about this is that mass and energy have some properties that we can measure, and these measurements can be equated numerically and dimensionally under the right conditions. And physically, the two appear to have some limited capacity to be converted back and forth under the right circumstances.

We don't even know if we have all of the pieces of the puzzle.

Regards,
LB

<blockquote id="quote"><font size="2" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" id="quote">quote:<hr height="1" noshade id="quote">And physically, the two appear to have some limited capacity to be converted back and forth under the right circumstances.<hr height="1" noshade id="quote"></blockquote id="quote"></font id="quote">

larry, explain in depth what you mean here in above statement.

Fission, pair production, stuff like that.

If you can devide a watt by C can you also devide it by V?

Jim,

Sometimes. c is just a specific speed. But in many formulas where c appears you will change the physical meaning of the formula if you use a different speed.

The mass-energy formula:

E = m * v^2 (where v = c)

is simialr to the formula for kinetic energy:

KE = 0.5 * m * v^2 (where v is the speed of the mass m)

====

If you use v &lt;&gt; c in the mass-energy equation you still get some kind of energy. But what kind?

It is no longer the energy equivalent of the mass. The restriction "where v = c" is part of the definition of that formula.

This is one of the places where the difference between math and physics becomes important. The model you are playing with might be able to help answer that question.

Regards,
LB