In order for you to understand these issues you are going to have to spend enough time to learn about and understand Special relativity. And then do the same for the competing Lorentzian relativty theory.
There are enough resources on this Website to do the trick. If you are willing to put out the effort. And the nice thing about it is that you only need high school algebra to understand almost all of the math involved. There are a few places where one or two semesters of calculus will help, but if you ask the right (ie specific) questions when you get there someone here will help.
In addition to the many articles available here you will need to search the message board archives. Look for posts by TVF with key words like Special, Lorentzian, clock synch, etc. Then read the entire thread. Some are long. Some go around the same loop several times. It will take a while. But in the end you will come to realize that it was worth it.
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One of the more important things to catch on to is that when comparing time coordinates between two frames, SR says time observed in the other frame by you in your frame is a function of both the speed AND the distance between the frames.
LB
